Golden Gate

This is the famed Golden Gate (Porta Aurea) of Byzantium. Perhaps only Haghia Sophia eclipses the Golden Gate in terms of laying out the entire history of the city in one location.
Originally built by Theodosius I ("the Great," reigned 379 - 395 CE) as a Roman triumphal arch in 390 CE, it stood on the ancient Via Egnatia (a major Roman road, running from Constantinople, through the provinces of Illyria, Macedonia, and Thrace to Dyrrachium on the Adriatic Sea), about a mile outside of the walls erected by Constantine I ("the Great"). As such, the Golden Gate is similar to a classic Roman arch, with a triple arcade and a monumental arched portal flanked by two smaller ones. The gates were originally plated in gold and the facade was decorated with sculptures. A bronze group of four elephants and two winged victories commemorated the triumphal entry of Theodosius I after his victory over the usurper Magnus Maximus (Maximianus). An inscription, now lost, boasted:

"Theodosius ornaments this gate after the suppression of the Tyrant [Maximus]. He who builds this Gate of Gold brings back the Golden Age."

When Theodosius II (reigned 408 - 450) extended the city two decades later, he incorporated the Golden Gate in the new Land Walls.

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